World PhiloMathematics & Design Society

The sky is one of the most fascinating and beautiful phenomena in nature. It can change its color, shape, and mood depending on the time of day, the season, and the weather. The sky is the expanse of air and atmosphere that appears above the Earth's surface when one looks upward. The sky is part of the Earth's environment, and when we talk about the sky, we usually refer to what is visible from our planet's surface. It includes the region where one sees clouds, the sun, the moon, stars, and other celestial objects as well as atmospheric phenomena like rainbows and lightning.  The sky is composed of different layers of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen, that are held by the Earth's gravity. The sun, the moon, and the stars are visible in the sky because they are much farther away than the atmosphere. The sun is the main source of light for the sky, and its position and angle affect how we perceive the color and brightness of the sky. One of the most common phenomena that

The origin of life is a topic of philosophical, theological as well as scientific inquiry and speculation, and various theories have been proposed to explain how life may have emerged from non-life. In science exact mechanisms of life's origin are still a subject of ongoing research and debate, and there is no single universally accepted theory. Hypothesis regarding origin can be classified into two schools of thought viz., theistic and atheistic. Some of the key theories about the origin of life include: Abiogenesis : This is the leading scientific theory proposed by athetists on the origin of life. It proposes that life arose from non-living matter on early Earth. Abiogenesis suggests that the first life forms evolved from simple organic molecules through a series of chemical reactions. The Miller-Urey experiment conducted in the 1950s, demonstrated that amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) could be created under conditions resembling the early Earth's atmosphere whi

It is beleived that physiological life is made up of various elements, molecules, and processes that come together to create living organisms. The fundamental building blocks of life include: Atoms: Atoms are the basic units of matter. The key elements found in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (can be remembered using the acronym CHONPS). These elements form the basis of biological molecules. Molecules: Biological molecules are complex structures composed of atoms bonded together. The most important classes of biological molecules include: Proteins: Made up of amino acids, proteins are crucial for various functions in cells, such as enzymes that catalyze reactions, structural support, and signaling. Nucleic acids: These include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), which store and transmit genetic information, respectively. Lipids: Lipids include fats, oils, and phospholipids. They serve as energy storage, form cell m

The origin of the universe is a topic that has intrigued all thinkers, philosophers, scientists and theologians for centuries. It can not be claimed with certainity whether universe is infinitely big or just extremely large. However, several hypotesis are presented to explain how the universe came into existence, including: 1. Big Bang Hypothesis : Majority of the scientists believe in Big Bang as a cosmological model for the origin of the universe. It proposes that the universe began as a singularity , at an infinitely hot and dense point , approximately 14 billion years ago . This singularity then rapidly expanded and continues to expand, giving rise to the universe as we know it. 2. Inflation Hypothesis : The Inflation Theory is an extension of the Big Bang. It suggests that, shortly after the initial expansion began, the universe underwent a rapid and exponential expansion, causing the universe to become flat and homogeneous . This theory helps explain certain features of the cos

  Matter is the substance that makes up all tangible and many intangible things in the physical universe. It is anything that has mass and occupies space . It can exist in different states, such as solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.  Matter is made up of elementary particles called quarks and leptons, which combine to form protons and neutrons, and along with electrons, form atoms of the elements. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and bind together to make elements. These atoms can combine to form molecules, and molecules can further combine to create various types of substances. Matter can also be classified by its chemical composition, such as elements, compounds, or mixtures. Matter can change its state or composition by physical or chemical processes. Matter can exist in several different states, each with unique properties. Here are the four main states of matter that are observable in everyday life: 1. Solid : In a solid, the particles (ions, atoms, or molecules) are cl

The Universe is a gigantic area of space and the whole lot that is found within it containing entire Matter, Energy, Clusters, Galaxies, Stars, Asteroids, Planets, and Living Creatures. It includes all that can be observed by telescopes as well as other scientific tools; besides, all other objects and phenomenon that we cannot detect directly like dark matter, dark energy, non-material etc...  It is estimated that the universe emerged somewhat around 14 billion years ago because of cosmological incident called as Big Bang. From that moment on, new galaxies, stars and other cosmic objects are being created and expanded continously.  Multiverse: Here briefly like to mention a speculative concept in cosmology and theoretical physics known as Multiverse that suggests the existence of multiple universes or domains, each with potentially different physical laws, constants, or conditions. These separate universes may exist alongside or parallel to our own.  The idea of a multiverse arises fro